In depth: What causes Dry Eye?
Dry eye syndrome (DES), or keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is a common condition that occurs when the eyes do not produce enough tears or when tears evaporate too quickly. This leads to dryness, discomfort, and potential damage to the eye’s surface. We talk a lot about how our Dry Eye specialist clinic at Eden Eyecare can help diagnose and treat the condition, but understanding the causes of dry eye is essential for effective management and treatment.
Dry Eye is a complicated issue and so there is no one cause; more, it is a combination of contributing factors which can be completely different from one person to the next. At Eden Eyecare, we provide comprehensive treatment plans tailored to your individual circumstances, to ensure your dry eye treatment is as effective as it can be.
The main cause of Dry Eye that we come across in our Penrith practice is due to underlying Blepharitis, a common inflammation of the eyelid margins. This, in combination with an increase in microscopic demodex mites, can impair the proper function of the glands that sit on your eyelash line. This inflammatory response can lead to irritation and swelling, disrupting the delicate balance of the tear film. However, there are also many underlying factors that also contribute to Dry Eye symptoms, from a weakened immune system to prolonged screen use.
Here are eight of the top contributing factors:
Contributing factor #1: Ageing
As we age, natural tear production tends to decrease. This is particularly common in people over the age of 50. Hormonal changes, especially in women during menopause, (read more about that here) can also contribute to reduced tear production, making older adults more susceptible to dry eye.
Contributing factor #2: Medical conditions
Several medical conditions can lead to dry eye syndrome. Autoimmune disorders such as Sjögren’s syndrome can significantly affect tear production. Other conditions, like rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and thyroid disorders, can also disrupt normal tear function and balance.
Contributing factor #3: Environmental factors
Environmental conditions play a significant role in dry eye symptoms. Prolonged exposure to wind, smoke, dry air, or air conditioning can accelerate tear evaporation. Moreover, long hours spent in front of screens can lead to reduced blinking, contributing to dryness. This is arguably why Dry Eye is on the rise.
Contributing factor #4: Medications
Certain medications can cause or exacerbate dry eye symptoms as a side effect. Common culprits include antihistamines, decongestants, antidepressants, and some blood pressure medications. It’s essential for individuals experiencing dry eye to consult their healthcare providers regarding their medications.
Contributing factor #5: Eye Surgery
Surgeries, such as LASIK or cataract surgery, can temporarily disrupt the tear-producing glands or the surface of the eye, leading to dry eye symptoms. While these effects are often short-term, some individuals may experience prolonged dryness.
Contributing factor #6: Contact Lenses
Wearing contact lenses for extended periods can irritate the eyes and lead to dryness. Poor-fitting lenses or inadequate lens care can exacerbate the problem, making it crucial for contact lens users to maintain proper hygiene and adhere to recommended wear schedules.
Contributing factor #7: Allergies & Hayfever
Allergies to pollen, dust, or pet dander can lead to inflammation and a sensation of dryness. The body’s response to allergens may also contribute to tear film instability, increasing discomfort.
Contributing factor #8: Poor Nutrition
Diet can influence overall eye health. A lack of essential fatty acids, particularly omega-3 fatty acids, may contribute to dry eye symptoms. Ensuring a balanced diet rich in antioxidants and healthy fats can support tear production and eye health.
You may feel certain factors are missing but have a read of our Dry Eye Mythbusting article to see why that may be!
If you have concerns or questions about dry and itchy eyes or are looking for effective Dry Eye treatments, contact Eden Eyecare today. We welcome patients from across the North of England and beyond, so whether you’re seeking a dry eye clinic in Cumbria, a dry eye specialist near Manchester, or IPL therapy close to the Scottish Borders, our Penrith clinic is conveniently located and ready to see you.
